WATER ISSUES
Water Supply has always been an issue in Southern California. From its earliest beginnings, the Southern part of the state has relied on innovative designs and ingenious programs to bring water to the villages, foster agriculture and refresh the livestock. The pioneers dammed up creeks and carved out gullies to transfer water to where it was needed. It is not greatly different today as those in the water industry seek to find a greater and greater water supply for the growing population and new industries.
Today the problem is greater and more complicated. Southern California´s primary source of water since the 1940´s has been the Colorado River Aqueduct, built by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). Due to many converging issues, including development of the Upper and Lower States of the Colorado River Basin, increasing populations in all the Western States, and climatic changes in weather patterns, the volume of water available in the river is drastically reduced. In fact, the two major holding reservoirs, Lake Meade and Lake Powell, are at their lowest levels since they were first constructed in the sixties and seventies.
California had been fortunate enough for forty years or more to be able to take the surplus water not being used by other Colorado Basin states to fill their aquifers. In 2003 the Quantification Settlement Agreement was signed by all Colorado Basin States and California agreed to reduce her allocation to the settled amount of 4.4 thousand acre feet a year.
In addition to the reduction in Colorado River Water, Metropolitan´s supply from Northern California, through the State Water Project was also reduced due to environmental problems and endangered fish issues. This fact was further complicated this spring when Judge Wanger ordered that the pumps in the Sacramento Delta be shut down to preserve the Delta Smelt and other fish species. Southern California was left on their own to find additional sources of water.
Southern California responded to the crisis in a very responsible fashion. IRWD has been using recycled water since the l960, but many other local agencies realized the value of having a local water source and took up the program. Conservation was considered an "alternate" water source and programs were put in place to teach customers the value of conservation IRWD is a leader in conservation having introduced the program to its rate payers since late 1990´s.
Added to this increasingly serious water supply problem, it has been determined that the Sacramento Delta, through which most of the northern California flows to the south, was in a severely degraded condition and in need of billions of dollars of improvements. These issues are attempting to be addressed at this very time by legislative action and new policy proposals.